English paper Essay

Will Durant, a U. S author and historian, writes, â€Å"Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance. † This means that all the knowledge people once had is misleading to what the truth really is. Similarly, in Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† and Frederick Douglass’s â€Å"Learning to Read and Write† a painful process of gaining knowledge through all the ignorance is described. Plato describes a prisoner going on a journey to gain knowledge that is behind him, after he was stuck staring at a wall of shadows his whole life. He goes back to tell the other prisoners of his discoveries and they want to kill him. Douglass is a slave who learns to read and write, going through stages to achieve each step. As he begins gaining knowledge he finds the truth about slavery which startles him. Socrates’ idea that gaining knowledge is a difficult journey to undertake because by doing so it changes the way people see the world, as proven by Douglass’ experiences. In Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†, Socrates illustrates a metaphorical story about attaining knowledge. He describes a cave with men who are chained, prisoners of the cave. They face a wall; that is all they can see because they cannot move their heads. They cannot even look behind them to see a walkway and a fire. As a person passes on the walkway, a shadow is projected onto the wall in front of the prisoners; this is all they know. Only the shadows are what is real to them because it’s all they have ever known. Socrates says, â€Å"How could they see anything but the shadows if they were never allowed to move their heads? † (Plato 479). The main point is that people cannot understand anything except what is being projected right in front of them. Socrates’ point is that society has a limited understanding of knowledge, and is ignorant about what is beyond the surroundings. To acquire knowledge of the truth beyond the cave, one prisoner is freed. As his eyes adjust to the light, he starts to see the real objects from the images that are projected onto the wall. He understands how the shadows were a false truth and just an illusion and he feels bad for the other prisoners still stuck in the cave. He understands that they are not seeing the truth. Socrates states, â€Å"What he saw before was an illusion†. So the  prisoner returns to tell the others about his knew knowledge, but they couldn’t understand what they were being told. The other prisoners will not accept the knowledge the escapee has learned and my even put him to death. But the chained prisoners don’t understand that the whole world outside the cave is more real than the false illusions, or the shadows being projected onto the walls. Society doesn’t want to accept knew knowledge; people often resist changing what they know. Socrates’ prisoner goes through stages or the process of knowledge, which is also shown in Douglass. In the allegory, when the prisoner first leaves the cave he stares at the sun and cannot see; it takes time to get accustomed to the brightness. Socrates describes, â€Å"And first he will see the shadows best, next the reflections of men and other objects in the water, and then the objects themselves† (Plato 480). In time the prisoner will begin to understand the â€Å"realities† (Plato 480) that he is facing by going through the stages. This is shown in Douglass as well. Douglass is first taught to read by Mistress Hugh, but then she refuses to teach him. So Douglass turns to kids that he makes friends with to finish teaching him to read. Douglass Sates, â€Å"The light broke in upon me by degrees† (Douglass 73); in other words, education is being achieved in stages. This is like the prisoner going through a process of gaining knowledge. Once Douglass is introduced to reading, he teaches himself to write by tricking the white boys into helping him learn. The process endured outside the cave by the prisoner- or the process endured by Douglass- will be â€Å"tedious† (Douglass 74), and take time, but steps must be taken to gain any knowledge. The process of gaining knowledge can be painful; Socrates idea of pain by being enlightened is played out in Douglass. When the prisoner is in a cave he is comfortable with the shadows on the wall and his surroundings, but if the prisoner is freed he will feel pain: â€Å"And if he is compelled to look straight at the light, will he not have a pain in his eyes which will make him turn away to take refuge in the objects of visions which he can see† (Plato 480). The new knowledge that he will gain is so different than what he is used to. This can be seen likewise in Douglass as well. When Douglass learns to read he learns the truth of slavery which â€Å"tormented† (Douglass 71) him. He writes, â€Å"It opened my eyes to the horrible pit, but no ladder upon which to get out† This is similar to the prisoner leaving the cave. He understands slavery and his rights are taken away, they ways that they are taken from their homes and made into nothing is so cruelly wrong. This causes him great pain; the only thing he has to look forward to is the hope of being freed. Because becoming enlightened is a painful process, many will resist or challenge what they believe, as illustrated by Socrates and Douglass. After the prisoner goes on his journey of being enlightened, he goes back to the cave to tell his friends what he has learned, but they reject him. Socrates says, â€Å"If any one tried to lose another and lead him up to the light, let them only catch he offender, and they would put him to death† (Plato 482). The other prisoners think he is being â€Å"ridiculous† (Plato 481) and want to put him to death for his story about life outside the cave. They don’t understand that they are the ones trapped in ignorance and the freed prisoner is telling them the truth. This also plays out in Douglass. Mistress Hugh began by being a caring lady and teaching Douglass how to read, but slavery soon made a big impact on her. â€Å"I have had her rush at me with a face made all up of fury, and snatch from me a newspaper, in a manner that fully revealed her apprehension† ( Douglass 70). The violence she projected toward Douglass when snatching the paper from him shows the resistance she now has toward him being educated. Many will resist being enlightened because society doesn’t like to change what they already know. While society tends to resist enlightenment, those who are enlightened cannot return to their former ignorance, and pities others who are stuck there; which is shown in Plato and Douglass. When the prisoner went on his journey after being freed from the cave he learned all about the false notions he was living in the cave. Socrates says, â€Å"And when he remembered his old habitation, and the wisdom of the den and his fellow-prisoners, do you not suppose that he would felicitate himself on the change, and pity them? † (Plato 481). The prisoner feels bad for the others because they are trapped in ignorance and cannot see the truth like he has. This is also shown in Douglass.

Pride and Prejudice Essay

The novel Pride and Prejudice was written during the middle of the Romantic period in western literature, but it is itself rather uncharacteristic of other fictional works of the period. Unlike the great Romantic novels and poems of the period, which usually praised youthful passions, Austen’s work minimizes them. Austen’s works are models of restraint. Instead of the wild force of nature, Austen concentrates on family life in small English towns. Instead of rampant emotionalism Austen emphasizes a balance between reason and emotion. Instead of suicide and unrequited love, Austen offers elopement and marriage. â€Å"Austen’s prime theme of marriage is far from trivial† (Walder 1996, p. 52) as it is considered today as marriage was an important issue in Austen’s time and it was the only time when a woman had the freedom to get upward socio-economic mobility [though some critics thinks that she considers that considering money as the criterion for marriage is highly terrible. (Collins p. 161)] This extract explains this correlation between socio-economic status and marriage. Irony or the contrast between the expected and the actual is the chief literary device Austen uses to comment on the manners of English gentry in Pride and Prejudice. Her irony takes different forms for different. Another stylistic feature that one can observe in this extract in general and throughout novel in particular is her formal style. Perhaps the first thing about Jane Austen’s style that strikes the reader is its formality by modern standards. This is a characteristic of her time, and of the outlook she shared. The decorum of her prose represents a disciplined habit of mind and a disciplined attitude towards life. But the formality has about it nothing of the pomp us or verbose. On the contrary one of the chief qualities of her narrative style is precision, lucidity, and economy. With these is combined a habitual tone of irony. The irony is the cutting edge, as it was an instrument of moral perception which was Jane Austen’s sensibility. Mr. Collins speaks about his conception of a true marriage. He takes the conventional notions about marriage of true minds where partners have similar dispositions and ideas about life in general. Mr. Collins philosophy of marriage reminds Charlotte’s reminds Charlotte’s matrimonial ideology as she also consider the harmony of characters and minds as the ultimate source of matrimonial bliss and place no importance to money or fortune. She says in Chapter 6; â€Å"Happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance. If the dispositions of the parties are ever so well known to each other, or ever so similar before-hand, it does not advance their felicity in the least. They always contrive to grow sufficiently unlike afterwards to have their share of vexation; and it is better to know as little as possible of the defects of the person with whom you are to pass your life. † Mr. Collins also suffers from the same fictitious idealism like Charlotte. That’s the reason he says; â€Å"My dear Charlotte and I have but one mind and one way of thinking. There is in everything a most remarkable resemblance of character and ideas between us. We seem to have been designed for each other. † (Chapter XXXV) Furthermore, he longs for same matrimonial felicity for Elizabeth in her married life without knowing what is her ideals of marriage and what she wants to be come out of marriage. Jane Austin has beautifully employed irony as Mr. Collins wishes something for Elizabeth that she does not like. Furthermore, Jane Austin juxtaposes this conception of matrimonial bliss with his own conception of marriage and its preconditions that prevail throughout the novel. Jane Austin has Marxian conception of marriage and she considers wealth and socio-economic well-being as the foremost pre-condition of marriage. For the author, in the persona of Mr. Bennet’s daughter Elizabeth, however, irony’ is potent toy and a defensive weapon in the war against stupidity. The author uses Elizabeth to skewer self-important characters such as Mr. Collins and Mrs. Bennet. Yet Elizabeth is also blind to her own character faults, and her very blindness is another example of Austen’s use of irony. In her misunderstandings with Darcy, she (who is blind to her own pride in her ability to read character) accuses him false and excessive pride, while he (who is prejudiced against people with less money than he has) accuses her of prejudice. The rest of the episode shows the haughtiness and pomposity of Mr. Collins. Mr. Collins is a type of character that Jane Austin uses to highlight the posing and pretensions of English society of the time and the vain self-importance of an individual. His acquisition of fortune by chance to get an approval of Lady Catherine de Bourgh has made him to think of himself in higher terms and opinion. All his haughtiness and snobbery in the extract is a manifestation of this high opinion of his own self. His high opinion of Charlotte is also a product of this imagined high placement in society. He earns a handsome income and owns a house, so he requires a wife at this stage that can enrich his own fortune. Here Jane Austin elaborates the interrelation of marriage and money. If Mr. Collins would not have owned a house and would not have made a good fortune by chance, he would never think of having marriage. So he imagined conception of marriage as a bond between tow souls that are alike in their dispositions and character, seems only a caprice of imagination only. Establishing a correlation between marriage and social status is an important theme of Austen in this extract. Jane Austen also makes her reader see the correlation in the light of her contemporary social conventions. Earlier in the novel, when Elizabeth refuses the proposal of Mr Collins, he is unwilling to accept it. It was highly improbable that a woman of Elizabeth’ social status would reject the proposal of a well-off person. His self-importance is another factor that contributes toward his un-acceptance if her refusal. He disapprove of Elizabeth’s social status in these words that Elizabeth’s â€Å"portion is unhappily so small that it will in all likelihood undo the effects of [her] loveliness and amiable qualifications†. His social status reassures himself by saying that; â€Å"you are not serious in your rejection of me, I shall chuse to attribute it to your wish of increasing my love by suspense, according to the usual practice of elegant females. † There is a dichotomy of Elizabeth’s refusal to Mr. Collin and her manifestation as an ideal woman of Austen who thinks marriage in terms of money. Walder (1996) has rightly pointed out; â€Å"In a social world where only possibility of movement in a women’s life was through marriage, choice of partner was as serious a business as choice of career was for a man. † Seen in this light, Elizabeth’s refusal of Mr. Collins is as brave an act as that of a young man who refuses to enter the family firm. † (Walder, 52) Jane Austen used Elizabeth as her mouth-piece to ridicule the fictitious idealism of various characters throughout the novel. In this case, Elizabeth does not directly say any word about Mr. Collins viewpoints but only show her contempt by feeling sorry for â€Å"Poor Charlotte† but she revisits her thought about her and says that she is not innocent as she herself has decided to marry Collins and choose a pretentious society. Jane Austen reflects here that if someone is placed in this situation, then it is tragic but someone has consciously decided to go for a vain marriage proposal, he ore she should be fully responsible for it. So it was Charlotte own disposition rather than chance that her placed her in that situation. But when Elizabeth herself refuses the proposal of Mr. Collins, she was also caught in fictitious idealism. She is of the view that as her father is a gentleman; she is on equal terms with Darcy and Bingleys. (Brooke, 1999. p. 158) Jane Austen beautifully shows her fictitious idealism as well. Jane Elizabeth also shows, through the character of Maria, the vainglory of English gentry. Unlike Elizabeth, Maria is amazed and amused by the social decorum. She was still startled at the nine dinners at Rosings and several teas. This extract further another aspect of Jane Austen’s art i. e. handling of dialogue. She had a remarkable ear, and must have been a shrewd observer of mannerism in speech. The speech of her characters is always consonant with their personalities yet it never approaches caricature. In the extract, Mr. Collins dialogues are true reflection of his personality yet it does not portray him as a caricature. Maria’s dialogues are equally expressive of her self and her tender age. So this extract and other textual examples from Pride and Prejudice clearly manifest that Jane Austen has skillfully conveyed her basic theme of money and marriage through her subtle style. She does not waste her words and there is uncommon clarity with economy in her art. References Austen, Hane. (2006). Pride and Orejudice. New York: Poenguin Classic. Brooke, C. (1999). Jane Austen: Illusion and reality. Rochester, NY: D. S. Brewer. Walder, D. (1996). The realist novel. Approaching literature. London: Routledge.

Author decide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Author decide - Essay Example They include (taken randomly) the agenda setting theory, classic rhetoric, hypodermic needle theory, face negotiation theory, cognitive dissonance theory, and uncertainty reduction theory. This random list was provided to illustrate the seriousness and earnestness by which communication is seen by scholars and scientists. Another line of thought that emerged with regard to communication and culture was the Frankfurt School during the 1930s primarily through scholars associated with the Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt, Germany. This paper is a study on communication theories with special relevance of the Frankfurt School of thought in modern day capitalistic structure. The one term that comes to mind regarding language is glottogony. Campbell and Mixco, in their book A glossary of historical linguistics define the term as â€Å"the emergence (origin) of human language, the study of the origin and earliest development of human language, the name for a kind of linguistics concerned with the origin and evolution of language† (Campbell & Mixco 72). There is no clear evidence as to when language evolved. It is believed that communication started with guttural sounds and actions or pantomimes which later led to the development of a pidgin language. According to Ellis, â€Å"when a pidgin language becomes more accepted and standardized, when it becomes the native language of a generation of children, then it is called a Creole† (Ellis 149). Language further developed with structure and grammar and came to be referred to as prestigious forms of speaking, for example the English language. As mentioned earlier, both humans and species in the a nimal kingdom communicate. In the latter case, communication is primarily through sounds (including variations in pitch) and actions. The monkey watchman on the tree top will cry in alarm at the approach of the predator.

Management of Information System Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Management of Information System Change - Essay Example The widespread impact of continuous spells of pandemics and other biological attacks alerted the authorities of need for introducing and action plan against the emergencies related to all epidemics and pandemics. The foundation for BioSense was formulated as a national action aimed at improving the bio-surveillance facilities in the country with the amalgamation of existing resource data from all health care organisations and national agencies of data collection. The operation of BioSense is a great advantage to the emergency management system as it enhances the intensity of early detection of health related issues and the acceleration of remedial proceedings. The total action pack of BioSense is framed for simultaneous execution of collection, analysis and evaluation of public health care data from all sources specifically. The case contexts and beneficiary zones of BioSense’s services are DoD and VA hospitals, ambulance clinics, and large clinical laboratories apart from the direct live-wire data collection centers such as local hospitals, healthcare systems, and syndrome-surveillance systems. The functioning of BioSense has brought revolutionary changes in the effect of bio-emergency management systems with the implication of its uses in disease trend monitoring and tracking potential disease cases for synchronizing access to existing health surveillance systems. The initial plan of installing the system was on the ratio of one for each ten cities in the country in 2005.... ion, and in most cases, its prominence was seen to be nullified for lack of support and acceptability from larger hospital units and local health care providers. After evaluating all the points discussed in the journal, the eviction of such a system can be justified for many reasons described in the explanation that are to be read on. 2. Challenges for Implementation BioSense represents the proficiency of the web-based application of the software monitoring inter-hospital health and disease assessment. However, it is obvious that the operation of BioSense is a high profile deal with many professionals is required to access the conditions every moment. Detecting the early symptoms of a bioterrorist attack was the aim of CDC’s proposal for the installation of this system. It was also aimed at providing standards, infrastructure and data acquisition for early detection of every unfriendly situation. The introduction of new software was largely expensive for its operation. As evid ent from the details of the US Government Accountability office, BioSense acquired the financial aid of over $200million till 2006. The managerial challenges faced by BioSense were attributed to the functionary units in association with data collection. Majority of the questions were about the proximity and accuracy of the data collection from the three appointed sources namely, Department of Defense (DOD) Military Treatment Facilities, Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) treatment facilities and the Laboratory Corporation of America (LAbCorp) as to how timely were the data based on emergency situations. This question was supported by the irrelevance of the resource data as it took longer time to cover the concerned regions than the time required for emergency procedures of precocious measures.

Research Design and Case Study (Was Iraq War Handled Effectively) Assignment

Research Design and Case Study (Was Iraq War Handled Effectively) - Assignment Example Additionally, it offers the chance to examine the outcomes of the choices chosen by the U.S and its allies during and after the invasion and even after the evacuation of U.S troops from Iraq. Other factors include the decisions of the new regime to marginalize the Sunnis and the inefficiencies of the institutions of Iraq to handle matters of the nation. The adoption of a case study will enable me to offer an analysis of both content and from a historical perspective. In addition, a case study offers the opportunity for structuring any future research on this topic while also providing a foundation for other researchers to further their knowledge on this topic and a chance to offer additional insight and information. A case study is the ideal research design technique because it is particularly helpful in analyzing institutions and structuring policy. The analytical approach to be adopted is the congruence method based on typical conditions. The use of congruence analysis is the most appropriate approach because it places emphasis on formulating conclusions that are relevant to the goals of the study and because it enhances objectivity and reliability of the research. The case study chosen is â€Å"Wars of Decline: Afghanistan, Iraq and Libya† because it offers an opportunity to clearly investigate the factors listed above and is able to comprehensively explain the occurrence of a number of factors that are responsible for the mismanagement of the Iraq War. â€Å"The Wars of Decline: Afghanistan, Iraq and Libya† provides an opportunity for the analysis of the management of the Iraq War. It provides a chance to analyze underlying factors that may have caused the mismanagement of the Iraq War. The Iraq War was as a response to the 9/11 bombings in Washington and New York by Al Qaeda militants. Al Qaeda had been responsible for a number of attacks

Governance & Public Managemenet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Governance & Public Managemenet - Essay Example This report explores that the idea of freedom is very comforting and when the government authorities realized that the society can no longer be controlled by the use of the coercive power of the state, it gradually follows the trend towards â€Å"governing without government†. Governing without government is seen as a concept of political freedom which is supported with the concepts of civil liberties and human rights. Most democratic societies are characterised by various freedoms which are afforded with the legal protection of the state. This essay stresses that there are several types of freedom of which, various kinds are legally protected by the state. In a democratic society, citizens enjoy the â€Å"freedom of assembly† of which, they are free to gather, organize a club, groups or any organization as well as â€Å"freedom of association† where in, in building up an organization, adults can freely choose their associates. Slavery and discrimination is a thing of the past, and today, many organizations in countries have imposed laws to respect the human rights. There is now a â€Å"freedom from government sanctioned discrimination† and â€Å"freedom of religion† where in the distinction in races, age, gender, religion, religion practices and culture is now respected and seen as a normal part of a society. Discrimination in the society was decreased, if not eliminated, by the help of policies imposed by the government such as civil rights legislation, equal opportunities law and benefits . Today, citizens are now enjoying the "freedom of education" of which, parents are now free to choose any school that they wanted for their children to send to. Capitalism is also known as "freedom of enterprise" wherein, companies are now privately owned

Domination of Anglo-Saxon Corporations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Domination of Anglo-Saxon Corporations - Essay Example The elections in Germany in 2005 focused greatly on the role of corporations in the modern economy, and the change of governments marked the start of the embedding of Anglo-Saxon brand of corporate responsibility (Davis 2005). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become the hotbed of debates over the passage of time not only in the US but in many countries of the world as the public has become more aware of the impacts of giant corporations and their dominance of the markets. CSR relates to the notion of the responsibility that the corporations owe to other than their shareholders. Anglo-Saxon corporations have acquired large shares of the market over the period of time, particularly in European nations and in Asia. In these regions, the debates are ensuing between Anglo-Saxon shareholder capitalism and stakeholder capitalism. Proponents of Anglo-Saxon shareholder capitalism are of the perspective that the companies should only pursue the interests of their shareholders. On the other hand, stakeholder capitalism argues that corporations should also take into account the interests of the local community and their employees (The Economist 2002). The debates have also come to include globalization. It is argued that Anglo-Saxon corporations have used globalization to dominate other social and political institutions to further their own interests. Dr. ...For the most part of the previous century, the Anglo-Saxons have been the major ethnic dominating group. In the modern era, they are the producers of more than one-third of the total economic output all over the world. The Anglo-Saxon countries include the five countries i.e. America, Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The countries have gained dominance not only economically but also in the political arena and other aspects of governance such as the army, culture of the country and the moral values. Statistics report that the countries are the producers of US$20 trillion output of a total economic ou tput (GDP) of $58 trillion; the US alone makes an output worth $14 trillion (The Casual Truth 2010). This has contributed greatly in the countries gaining dominance in the financial market (such as through IMF and the World Bank), the oil industry, where six large corporations control a major proportion of the market. The Anglo-Saxons are not a major ethnic group in the world, yet these $14 trillion individuals remain as the some of the richest and powerful consumers of the world (The Casual Truth 2010). The great extent of the power of these corporations has enabled them to become a politically dominant force. The UK and the US are two of the five members of the UN Security Council. If countries want to pass a Bill on climate change, it is likely that there are little chances of the acceptance of the Bill if the US does not agree to it.

Theories and research strategies in international politics Essay - 1

Theories and research strategies in international politics - Essay Example As a discipline of study, international politics can be studied with a scientific approach, but the nature of the complexity of society does not truly allow scientific parameters to fully encompass the issues involved. To decide whether international politics can be studied as a science, it is first necessary to define what constitutes a scientific study of a topic. At the end of the 19th century as the pursuit of science was beginning to be done according to modern standards, definitions of science were offered in order to more clearly ascertain the nature of scientific research. According to Michels (1880), science is created when three aspects of research are utilized. First one observes, then one records those observations, and finally one draws conclusions based on what has been recorded (pp. 383). The Popular science monthly (1872) defined science more simply as a search for real truth (pp. 226). Although, this definition is complicated by philosophies on what is ’real’ and what is ’truth’. development of an objective, consistent, documented system of knowledge based on rigorous systematic observations that lead to hypotheses that are then tested and refined (pp. 4). This definition defines science as the ability to observe and record something that will lead to a conclusion which is very similar to the musings of Michels on the topic. Science, in other words, is defined by the ability to research and draw conclusions about a topic. If this is the definition of science, then any topic that has an observable aspect can be considered a science. Therefore, the topic of international politics can be viewed from a scientific point of view because the activities that occur in the international political arena can be observed, recorded, and have conclusions drawn from those observations. According to Olson and Groom (1991),

New Testament Stories Essay Example for Free

New Testament Stories Essay In the New Testament it is stated that after the capturing of John, Jesus went to the Galilee. The story about John’s arrest is not stated until considerably later in connection with his death. He was arrested at the end of his report of John’s preaching it is only simply stated and Jesus returned in the power of the Spirit into Galilee. How much time had elapsed between the temptation and the return to Galilee, and what Jesus had been doing in the meantime is not stated in the testament. However the Fourth Gospel, which ignores both the baptism and the temptation, says that on the day after John’s testimony to Jesus at the Jordan he repeated it in the hearing of two of his disciples (In 1:35-42), one of whom was Andrew of Bethsaida in Galilee, and that Andrew thereupon brought his brother Simon to Jesus, who named him forthwith The Rock.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After that, Jesus spent a few days in Capernaum with his mother and his brothers and his disciples and then returned to Jerusalem. But the entrance in Jerusalem was so silently the people believe that Jesus comes from the Golden Gate where it was believed the messiah would enter Jerusalem. After reaching there Jesus goes straight to the Temple, Herods Temple, and starts, without explanation, throwing over tables and driving the dove salesman and money changers from the courtyard of the Temple and stops people from bringing anything for sale through the Temple courts. The doves were used for sacrifices and the standard Greek or Roman money used by people had to be changed into special blessed Jewish or Tyrian money suitable for use.   Jesus tells everyone that Is it not written: My house will be called a house of prayer for all nations. But you have made it a den of robbers. The incident with the money changers is in all the Gospels.

English Letter of Persuasion Essay Example for Free

English Letter of Persuasion Essay I am writing to you today to request that my road, Knobatnight Lane in Ipswich, be made a priority in the future for gritting. As I’m sure you know the road itself is on the main bus route for our local secondary school, the prestigious Clive Warren’s Finishing School of Excellency, and I’m concerned that a lack of gritting during winter weather could possibly endanger people and their property or leave buses trying to continue down their route stranded. Furthermore, as you may be aware, Knobatnight Lane has achieved notoriety in recent years due to the spate of killings by rogue escapee emus from the world famous Nutty Acre’s emu sanctuary based on the end of the street on Knowyourrole Boulevard. I’m worried that these wild beasts, having turned their backs on the peaceful and respectful nature of Nutty Acre’s, will render any snow-stragglers stranded by stopped buses bereft of life (so to speak). We need to keep our streets safe and gritting seems to be the only way (After the council rejected my suggestion for a series of emu nets to be installed on every street corner) Overall I think that the safety of the people living in this area is paramount and with a small amount of effort, time and mainly, grit, together we can save lives. Yours Sincerely K. Dilkington

Debate on Being Unpatriotic

Debate on Being Unpatriotic Cortney Matthaey Becoming Unpatriotic A country is not just a landmass or not just the amount of people that live on it or the amount of money they earn. A country is the pinnacle of governance in history of civilization. Only when the people are united can there be any government. Representing such a great union is the mighty flag. A symbol that has been chosen to represent an entire civilization, and the multiple generations of great people born in the nation. When you look at our nations flag what do you see? Do you see 13 stripes and 50 stars? Do you see a nation that has been over many trials and obstacles and is still unified? Or do you see war amongst us? Do you see hatred? The American Flag is the fabric of our nation; millions of Americans have fought for the flag, it is more than a symbol of hope to many groups and people respect the flag. So a question worth pondering: why would anyone even think it is justified to be allowed to burn our flag? Let us think about this for a minute. We must do everything in our power to protect the American Flag, for the flag holds so much more meaning than you think. What does the American flag mean to some people? While out asking people their opinion I came across some very unique answers, one of those people is currently an active military officer. When I approached him and asked him on his opinion he was baffled that I even asked if it should be legal for Americans to burn their nations flag. No American should be permitted to burn the flag. The United States Military along with myself, defend the country along with the flag every second of every day to ensure their safety. (Goldberg) Now with this being said how would you feel if your hard, dedicated work went to waste because some Americans cannot appreciate all that our military does for us on a daily basis.   With men and women who would sacrifice themselves for our nations flag why would any American try to deface it by burn ing it to ashes? However, in the First Amendment we as Americans, have the right to speak our minds freely (Freedom of Speech). In the year 1989, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the defendant in Texas v. Johnson. Texas v. Johnson, was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States that invalidated prohibitions on desecrating the American flag enforced in 48 of the 50 states. Gregory Johnson burned an American flag outside of the convention center. (Persily, Citrin, Egan 2008). Johnson burned the flag to protest the policies of President Ronald Reagan. He was arrested and charged with violating a Texas statute that prevented the desecration of a venerated object, including the American flag, if such action were likely to incite anger in others (Constable 2005). With this being said, they let Johnson go scotch free because the act itself is saved under the first amendment. How far is too far when it comes to freedom of speech? A question only each individual can answer. With men and women who would sacrifice themselves for our nations flag why would any American try to deface it by burning it to ashes? What kind of meaning does the American Flag have on themselves anyway? We must protect the American Flag at all costs. In times of crisis, the raising of the Stars and Stripes symbolizes perseverance and enduring strength. When September 11, 2001 occurred what did we do? Most looked up asking for help while others looked at the American Flag. Whenever America had a rough time getting everyone united together, all they would have to do is look up to hose colors on Americas flag and know that everything will be okay in time. Many Americans fight for our flag every day, they fight, defend and unfortunately some become fallen. However this was their choice; their choice as American citizens to defend and PROTECT the flag. While it is the fabric of our nation, it is so much more than that. It is a symbol of hope and tranquility. I believe that the flag should have its own protection against burning and disrespecting. It shows that the culprit behind doing the burnings and disrespect will get punished. The American Flag is the fabric of our nation; millions of Americans have fought for the flag, it is more than a symbol of hope to many groups and people respect the flag. The flag is there because we are a united nation, we may not be as great as what we once were however when most of your hope is gone (for example: after 9/11) many Americans united together if not all and we turned to that flag as a beacon of hope. Work Cited Constable, M. (2005). Just silences: The limits and possibilities of modern law. Retrieved  November 13, 2016, from http://site.ebrary.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/lib/GrandCanyon/detail.action?docID=10364781p00=flag burning Goldberg, Bataya. Blog: People Who Burn the Flag. American Thinker. N.p., n.d. Web. 21  Nov. 2016. . Persily, N., Citrin, J., Egan, P. J. (2008). Public opinion and constitutional controversy.  Retrieved November 13, 2016, from http://site.ebrary.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/lib/GrandCanyon/detail.action?docID=10215791p00=flag burning

PRC Social Security Scheme :: essays research papers

PRC Social Security Scheme „h Major Characteristic of PRC Social Security Scheme - Only applicable to Chinese local employees - Local requirements may vary from locality to locality. „h Structure of Social Security Scheme - Pension - Unemployment Insurance - Medical Insurance - Housing National Requirement - Pension „h  ¡Ã‚ §Decisions of the State Council Concerning the Establishment of a Unified System of Basic Old-age Insurance for Staff and Workers of Enterprises ¡Ã‚ ¨(July 16, 1997) „h Structure of the Basic Pension Scheme - Requires mandatory participation by enterprises and employees; - Comprises 2 elements: a. Basic Pension Pooling Account b. Basic Pension Individual Account „h Enterprise Contribution - Maximum contribution of 20% of the total wages of the enterprises in general unless approved by Labour Bureau and Ministry of Finance. - For a foreign investment enterprise, the total wages only cover Chinese local employees ¡Ã‚ ¦ wages. - Among the 20% contribution: a. start at 7% of employee salary in 1997, to be gradually reduced to 3%, for contribution into the Basic Pension Individual Account b. 13% to 17% goes to Basic Pension Pooling Account „h Employee Contribution - Start at 4% of employee salary in 1997, to be gradually increased to 8% - Contribution goes to Basic Pension Individual Account National Requirement  ¡V Unemployment Insurance „h  ¡Ã‚ §Unemployment Insurance Regulation  ¡Ã‚ ¨ issued by State Council on January 22, 1999. „h Mandatory participants - Requires mandatory participation by enterprises and employees; -  ¡Ã‚ §Enterprise ¡Ã‚ ¨ refers to  ¡Ã‚ §Urban enterprises and institutions ¡Ã‚ ¨, inc luding: a. State-owned enterprises; b. Urban collective enterprises; c. Foreign investment enterprises; d. Urban private enterprises; and e. Other urban enteprises -  ¡Ã‚ §Employee ¡Ã‚ ¨ refers to  ¡Ã‚ §Staff and workers of urban enterprises and institution ¡Ã‚ ¨ „h Contribution - Employer contribution - 2% of the total wages of the enterprises; - Employee contribution - 1% of the employee ¡Ã‚ ¦s wage National Requirement  ¡V Medical Insurance „h  ¡Ã‚ §Decisions of the State Council Concerning the Establishment of a Basic Medical Insurance System for Urban Staff and Workers  ¡Ã‚ ¨ issued by State Council „h Mandatory participants - Requires mandatory participation by enterprises and employees; -  ¡Ã‚ §Enterprises ¡Ã‚ ¨ refers to  ¡Ã‚ §all urban enterprises ¡Ã‚ ¨, including: a. State-owned enterprises; b. Urban collective enterprises; c. Foreign investment enterprises; d. Urban private enterprises; e. Government organizations, institutions; f . Social organizations; and g. Non-governmental non-enterprise units. -  ¡Ã‚ §Employees ¡Ã‚ ¨ refers to  ¡Ã‚ §employees of the above-mentioned enterprises ¡Ã‚ ¨ „h Contribution - Employer contribution  ¡V approximately 6% of the total wages of the enterprises; - Employee contribution - 2% of the employee ¡Ã‚ ¦s wage National Requirement  ¡V Housing „h  ¡Ã‚ §Administrative Regulation on Housing  ¡Ã‚ ¨ issued by the State Council on April 3, 1999.

Shakespeare’s Powerful use of Characterization in The Tempest Essay

Shakespeare’s Powerful use of Characterization in The Tempest In The Tempest, Shakespeare investigates the process of creativity as well as the idea that knowledge is equivalent to power. The Bard draws on both Christian and Aristotelian philosophy to support the premise that morality and creativity are made possible only through the acquisition of knowledge. The characters of Prospero, Ariel, Caliban, and Miranda each represent a different factor in the creative process: knowledge, creativity, medium, and final product, art. Yet they represent something else, as well: the deep divide between the social classes. The same imagery used to illustrate the creative process is used to support the European class system and the subjugation of the native peoples of the new world. Prospero as Knowledge Prospero symbolizes the first step in the creative process. He is knowledge, thought, and idea (Neilson 105). It was his idea to bring about the storm that would bring the ship to the island, facilitating the reconciliation between himself, his brother, and the king. Through his scheming, Miranda and Ferdinand met and became betrothed. Yet his ideas could not be put into effect without the help of Ariel (103). Ariel was freed by Prospero, and became his instrument. Neilson writes, "Prospero thinks-plans, but cannot practice. He needs a working agent to carry out his schemes" (105). Caliban, Prospero's wayward servant, warns the co-conspirators in his plot to kill Prospero, "Remember/First to possess his books, for without them/He's but a sot as I am, nor hath not/One spirit to command" (3.2.86-89). Without the knowledge he has gained from his books, Prospero would have no more power than Caliban. Prospero is a magician, yet h... ...om/servlet/LitRC Johnson, W. Stacy. "The Genesis of Ariel." Shakespeare Quarterly. 11.3 (July 1951): 205-210. Rpt. in Shakespeare for Students. Book II. Literature Resource Center. Gale Group. Payson Lib., Malibu. 20 Feb. 2001. http://www.galenet.com/servlet/LitRC Jones, Norman. "Shakespeare's England." A Companion to Shakespeare. Ed. David Scott Kastan. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999. 25-42. Lee, Sir Sidney. "Caliban's Visits to England." Cornhill Magazine. 201 (March 1913): 333, 341-45. Rpt. in Caliban. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea, 1992. 19-23. Martz, William J. The Place of the Tempest in Shakespeare's Universe of Comedy. Kansas: Coronado P, 1978. Neilson, Francis. Shakespeare and the Tempest. Rindge, NH: Smith, 1956. Skura, Meredith Anne. "The Case of Colonialism in the Tempest." Caliban.. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea, 1992. 221-241.

Air Jordan Marketing

4P: Jordan Air In order to briefly explain how marketing mix is applied, I am going to give you the example of the â€Å"Jordan Air† So you can see an example of marketing mix I will show you a product that you all know â€Å"Jordan Air†. Product: The product that I will present you is the â€Å"Air Jordan† by Nike. Air Jordan  is a  brand  of shoes and athletic apparel designed, owned, and produced by Nike  and  Michael Jordan  for Nike's  Jordan Brand  subsidiary but I will focus on the market of trainers. These are high quality trainers, and they are considered as high range of trainers. * The Jordan Nike shoes are unique in that the swoosh logo of the firm do not appear on the Jordan brand products, only the Jumpman appears. Price: * The Jordan shoes are very expensive and there are almost never promoted even when there is a new range. Why? Because it is possible to buy all Air Jordan! The Jordan 1 in 1987 is still marketed. The style of Air J ordan is doesn’t date. * The price for Jordan Shoes are around 180 euros Place:These pairs of trainers marketed in shops specialized athletic shoes. * We found Jordan shoes in the specialized sport stores like Decathlon, Go Sport, Citadium, JD Sports †¦ But to have a wider choice you have to go to the shops or Nike Air Jordan in Shops. It is also possible to buy them online, * There is also the possibility of buying shoes on the Internet (Nike official web stores or jumpman23 official stores of Jordan Brand). Jordan shoes even have a website independent of Nike. * Jordan’s are unique shoes and this is why we cannot buy in any store.Promotion: * Jordan Brand uses all traditional media to communicate: radio, television, cinema, Internet and press. The first promotion for the Jordan brand is the personality of Michael Jordan. In fact, MJ is the best player in history in basketball. * Jordan Brand communicates through commercials spots with Michael Jordan showing. * E vent with Michael Jordan who promoted the brand as for example the come out of Jordan CP3. Michael Jordan was there to show the pair of Jordan 2012 in the stores.

Animal Farm Analytics

Leaders use many tactics to withhold power and maintain control over the ignorant people. Joseph Stalin, the leader of the USSR from 1922-1952, used many clever and sometimes gory techniques to keep his power over the Soviet people. These strategies are shown in George Orwell's allegory of the Russian revolution, Animal Farm. Napoleon, the self-proclaimed leader of Animal Farm and allegorical representation of Joseph Stalin, has quite a few crafty and cunning ways to retain his authority over the animals. For example, by only educating the piglets and dogs, Napoleon keeps the majority of the animals uneducated and ignorant and therefore easier to manipulate. By blaming mistakes and wrongdoings on Snowball, an exiled pig who is an allegorical representation of the exiled Russian leader Leon Trotsky, Napoleon is able to create a common enemy. This takes the blame off of himself and instills a fear in the animals, making it easier for Napoleon to control the public. Finally, he trains puppies to become attack dogs and uses them as a police force, forcing the animals obey his every word by fear of bodily harm. By keeping the masses ignorant and afraid, Napoleon is able to retain his power over Animal Farm. Since he restricts formal education to the piglets and dogs, Napoleon is able to keep the remaining animals uneducated and docile, using their stupidity to his advantage. For example, after Napoleon murders many of the animals who are supposedly in league with Snowball, the animals are a bit uneasy because they recall a Commandment that states, â€Å"No animal shall kill any another animal† (Orwell 58). Muriel, a literate goat, reads the Commandment after the massacre, and it says, â€Å"No animal shall kill any other animal without cause† (151). She thinks that â€Å"somehow or other the last two words had slipped out of [her] memory. But [she] saw now that the Commandment had not been violated; for clearly there was good reason for killing the traitors† (165-166). Because Napoleon only educates the wealthy, the rest of the animals are oblivious to what is going on and believe everything that they are told. When Napoleon changes the Commandments, the animals blame their own faulty memories and proceed to believe whatever is written in the commandment because â€Å"Napoleon is always right†(111). Napoleon exploits the animals' gullibility when he modifies the Commandments to justify his atrocities and garner even more power. Since the animals only believe what they are told by Napoleon and the media, he is able to maintain his control over the farm. By limiting education to only a select few, Napoleon is able to manipulate the masses and get away with changing things to his benefit. Napoleon creates a scapegoat and common enemy for the animals by blaming everything that goes awry on Snowball. This, in turn, brings about a sense of fear that helps Napoleon strengthen his rule. One instance where Napoleon executes this strategy is early in the spring, when the animals receive news from Napoleon that Snowball is secretly frequenting the farm at night and disturbing the animals in their sleep. After hearing this news, â€Å"the animals [are] thoroughly frightened. It seemed to them as though Snowball were some sort of invisible influence, pervading the air about them and menacing them with all kinds of dangers† (147). Blaming Snowball for everything that goes askew is a good way for Napoleon to create a common enemy and inculcate fear in the animals. By putting Snowball under a bad light, Napoleon makes it seem as though he is the good guy and Snowball is the bad one. His actions make his reign seem â€Å"perfect† since everything is blamed on Snowball. This way, he will receive no opposition. Additionally, by depicting Snowball as the reason for all their troubles, the rest of the animals look up to Napoleon to make the right decisions and lead them through this time of crisis. Animals that are afraid are always easy to control. Creating a scapegoat allows Napoleon to deflect the blame from himself and create nationalism within the animals, making it easier for Napoleon to rule. Napoleon uses the dogs as a police force to control the animals through fear of bodily harm. After Jessie and Bluebell have nine puppies, Napoleon takes and trains them in seclusion. They soon grow into nine vicious killer dogs. One day, Napoleon assembles the animals in the yard to confess their crimes. Any animal who opposed or rebelled against Napoleon steps up, confesses his crimes, and is slain on the spot by the attack dogs, right in front of the other animals. The dogs are ruthless and tear the animals' throats out. After witnessing this bloody massacre, none of the animals know why â€Å"they had come to a time when no one dared speak his mind, when fierce, growling dogs roamed everywhere, and when you had to watch your comrades torn to ieces after confessing to shocking crimes. There was no thought of rebellion or disobedience†(161). Napoleon, by publicly executing anyone who happens to displease or disobey him, sets a precedent of what will happen if any of the animals rebel. The attack dogs are able to crush any signs of rebellion. This puts Napoleon in supreme power because every animal will do whatever he tells them to do, in fear of being kil led. By using the dogs as a means to control, Napoleon is able to crush any signs of rebellion and maintain his control on the farm through fear of physical harm. In Animal Farm, the public is uneducated and afraid, which makes them much more easily manipulated by Napoleon and the pigs. By only educating the wealthy, Napoleon makes sure that the general public is uninformed and therefore easier to control. Blaming Snowball for everything that goes astray creates a scapegoat and common enemy, which inflicts a fear in the animals. This also makes Napoleon seem more perfect, so the animals are more likely to listen to him and give him more power. Napoleon also creates a â€Å"police force† from the attack dogs, who help control the general public by fear of physical harm. In Animal Farm, Napoleon goes to extreme lengths to remain in power, much like other dictators around the world. In the 1900's, Stalin did many violent things to keep in control of the Soviet Union, including mass murdering innocent people who spoke up against the government. Leaders go to extremes and use oppressive tactics to remain in control of their land. In future circumstances, the public should be careful not to trust their leader too much or give them too much power, otherwise the leader will become the dictator of a totalitarian regime.

Network Management System Essay

A Network Management System is a combination of software and hardware which is used for monitoring and effective administration of a network. For any network which requires management of number of network tasks to be integrated in a single software solution, there is a need of effective and efficient planning. It is the task of the network management system to locate network support, keep a check on the activities and health of the network devices attached and provides exceptional handling mechanism in order to alert the administrator in cases of conditions which can hinder the performance of the network(Laudon & Laudon,2007). NMS systems use many different kinds of protocols in accordance their usage for example one of the commonly used is SNMP protocol which allows the gathering of information to be simplified for the administrator and users over the network from the devices attached in accordance to the network hierarchy. The NMS software are responsible for problem identification along with the exact source of the problem and provide effective solutions in order to prevent the problem from effecting the performance of the network. The NMS are also responsible for collecting the device data and numbers in terms of statistics to keep a log of the performance of the network. This usually includes a library of protocols which help the administrator in the management of the network through the Network Management System software. For to make sure there is a streamlined management of the network, every network is assigned a network manager. The network manager is responsible for monitoring the activities, methods which help the network running which includes the procedures which are usually defined for every specific network and lastly, the use of tools which the network administrator/manager is well equipped with in order to control monitor and use in terms of exceptional handling over the network. The operation of the network manager is to deal with keeping the network up and running smoothly. This includes the task of finding out any problem and rectifying it in time to make sure all systems over the particular network are not affected by the downtime of the network. Maintenance of the network involves proper measures and preventive procedures and measures for the network to be running smoothly such as the task of adjusting device configuration parameters for systems on the network(Laudon & Laudon,2007). A management information base (MIB) is defined as a virtual database which is used for management of the network activities over a communication network. They are often related with the SNMP protocol commonly known as Simple Network Management Protocol. it is commonly used to pass on to a meticulous subset, more appropriately referred to as MIB-module. Items in the MIB are distinct by means of a subset of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN. 1) also known as â€Å"Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)† RFC 2578 which performs the parsing for the MIB compiler on the network. The Remote Network Monitoring (RMON) for MIB was developed to sustain supervision and protocol scrutiny of the local area network. The unique versions centers on OSI Layer 1 and Layer 2 in sequence in Ethernet and Token Ring system. It is unmitigated by RMON2 which appends maintenance for the Network Layer and Application Layer monitoring and by SMON which has added support for switched networks. Probing helps the system to examine and evaluate the network consistently and thus, helps the network manager to keep the network agents in check and up and running. â€Å"The following diagram shows a reference architecture that Cisco Systems believes should be the minimal solution for managing a data network. This architecture includes a Cisco CallManager server for those who plan to manage Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP): The diagram shows how you would integrate the CallManager server into the NMS topology. † (CISCO, 2010). References: CISCO. (2010). NETWORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: BEST PRACTICES WHITE PAPER . Retrieved July 13,2010 from http://www. cisco. com/en/US/tech/tk869/tk769/technologies_white_paper09186a00800aea9c. shtml Laudon & Laudon, K C. , (2007), Management Information Systems. Pearson Education India

Creon and Antigone †Victims of Fate Essay

Sophocles put a lot of layers of meaning in his Creon and Antigone. For ancient Greeks these great tragedies were not only an entertainment, but they also possessed a lot of philosophical meaning which made people think about many different problems. When reading Sophocles’ play Antigone we get into a difficult life situation together with main characters, think about their choices and possible consequences of their mistakes. We can see two different systems of beliefs, two different worlds presented by two main characters – Creon and Antigone. Creon is a carrier of the state power; he expresses obedience to his fate and obedience to the state laws. He is driven by the burden of responsibilities put on him by his high position. We see that he is ready to forget about his feelings and emotions in order to perform his duties. â€Å"Kings, my girl, have other things to do than to surrender themselves to their private feelings† he says to Antigone during their talk (Sophocles 42). He can not influence his destiny and it seems that everything is predetermined for him. Antigone is a complete antipode of Creon. She is lively, impulsive, enthusiastic and counts on her feelings and emotions. She can break the limits of the state laws and even does not feel guilty for that. â€Å"I didn’t say â€Å"yes†. I can say no to anything I think vile, and I don’t have to count the cost. But because you said yes, all that you can do, for all your crown and trappings, and your guards- all that you can do is to have me killed† (Sophocles 45). She is driven by completely different motives and her inner truth is more important to her than formal laws and regulations. She makes decisions, which determine her fate. She influences her own life and people around her. Antigone seems free and determine. She makes her decisions and is ready to take responsibility for them. We can find a lot of things, which unite them if we look deeper than just on the surface of the play. Creon and Antigone do not seem so different if we study their personalities better. They both are stubborn; they both are directed by their goals and do not want to step aside. They have different values and look for different things in life but both are ready to sacrifice their lives for the sake of these values. Creon recognizes himself in young and passionate Antigone. â€Å"Don’t think me fatuous if I say that I understand you; and that at your age I should have done the same thing. A moment ago, when we were quarreling, you said I was drinking in your words. I was. But it wasn’t you I was listening to; it was a lad named Creon†¦he was thin and pale, as you are. His mind too was filled with thoughts of self-sacrifice† (Sophocles 50). He knows that they are alike, were alike if to be precise. But the burden of state responsibilities has changed his thoughts and deadened his feelings. His ideals were replaced by the obedience to laws and higher power. Like in the most Greek tragedies Creon is dependant on the will of whimsical gods and has little choice. The only his choice is whether to follow his destination or not. Creon makes his choice and obediently follows his fate. Antigone challenges not only social norms, but also her own destiny and will of gods. Antigone easily breaks with her beloved sister when she refuses to help her. She does not forgive her even when Ismene comes to prison and wants to share Antigone’s guilt. The same thing does Creon, when refuses to listen to the advice of his old and loyal friend Polyneices. Both, Antigone and Creon could sacrifice their dear people and just forget about them in the fight for their ideals. Both, Creon and Antigone have their own moral standards and live according to them. Works Cited Sophocles: The Complete Greek Tragedies. Edited by David Grene. 2 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1954-57.

Albrecht Durer Biography

Albrecht Durer Biography Essay Durer was a goldsmith, he had come from Germany to Nurembourg in 1455 and married Barbara Holper. Barbaras father was Albrechts master. Albrecht was his fathers third son. He was named Albrecht because of a family tradition which he has been the third representative so far. Albrecht had three brothers named Laszlo, Albrecht, and Ajtos. Albrecht was apprenticed to his father at the age of 13. His father introduced him to the working with metal and the use of tools with laid the ground work for his skill of engraving. He also learned painting from his father at the age of 13. He preferred to draw and paint than to goldsmithing. He painted a self portrait of himself at 13. This self-portrait took the careful and the accurate work of all of the details to some him his artistic talent. In 1486, Albrechts father sent him to learn painting and wood working from Michael Wolgemut. Michael Wolgemut was a spectacular painter and woodcut illustrator. In Michael W. s busy shop Albrecht learned the fundamentals of drawing, painting, and wood cutting. Albrecht also helped Micheal W. make some illustrations for books. Michael W. probably took Albrecht to the Netherlands, Basel, Stratsbourg, and in 1492 to Colmar in Alsace. Albrecht spent so much time with him he called him his second father. His main attraction was to see the master, Martin Schongauer. Who at the time was the leading German graphic artist of the time. On the way there Albrecht found out the master had died. On his arrival Martins brothers showed him prints, drawings, and Schongauers perfect engravings from the masters workshop. The prints, drawings, and engravings had a big influence on Albrechts work. Albrecht then went to Basel to stay with another brother of Schongauer, who conducted a goldsmith workshop there. Basel was the center of graphic production and book publishing at the time. In Basel Albrecht made many contacts and contributed a signed woodcut for the title page of the Letters of St. Jerome. The success he had from this woodcut probably led to another commission in Basel. In the fall of 1493, Albrecht went to Stratsbourg where he continued to work for publishers. In the end of May 1494 Albrecht returned to Nurembourg. In July 7, 1494 the 23 year old painter married Agnes Frey. Agnus was the daughter of a merchant. Not long after his marriage in the fall of 1494 he took his first trip to Italy. This visit enabled him to see his good friend Willard Pirckheimer who introduced Albrecht to humanist thought and classical literature. Albrecht spent most of his time of his first trip in Venice, Italy. There he met Jacopo deBarbari. deBarbari whose figures constructed to geometrical methods and proportions inspired Albrecht to live a lifelong study of theoretical writings. In Venice, Albrecht made drawings of exotic figures, animals, and did nature studies. On the ride home Albrecht made a abundant use of his water colors painting the landscape around the Alps. Albrecht returned to Nurembourg by the summer of 1495. With the return of his trip he produced a large amount of paintings and engravings. Albrecht used the medium of engraving because that reflected his theoretical interests. From about 1500 Albrechts concern for the problems of proportion and perspective increased. This action was probably caused by the fresh contacts with the Italian works and study of Vitruvius. In 1502, after a long period of weakness Albrechts father had died. His fathers death had shaken him up a tremendously. Soon after that Albrecht suffered from depression fits and tormenting dreams. â‚ ¬Ã… ¡ His appetite for work had not been impaired due to his father. READ: The Painting of the Sistine Chapel EssayHe continued to work like nothing had happened. The Adam and Eve painting in 1504 showed a lot of his techniques of engraving and the construction of geometrical methods of male and female figures. The painting Paumgartner Altarpiece shows a proportional emphasis on the view of proportions. Throughout Albrechts career he produced portraits of family, friends and patrons. Albrecht painted 2 important self-portraits called Prado Madrid and Alte Pinakothek, Munich. In 1505, Albrecht drew Crowned Death on a Thin Horse, the plague epidemic inspired this painting. Because of this plague Albrecht immediately departured from Italy in the summer of 1505. At the age of 34 he was fully matured and successful with his career. After Albrecht stopped in Augsburg he went to Venice to develop his painting style. Although many people admired his paintings they said he was not as antique enough. Only Giovanni Bellini commended him of his work. Albrechts highest achievement at the time was Feast of the Rose Garlands, which was ordered by the German merchants in Venice. In this painting he combined the richness of Venetian color and the vast of Italian compositions. Albrecht returned to his home of Nurembourg in February 1507. A long time patron, Frederick the Wise entitled him to paint an altarpiece showing the execution of 10,000 Christians by a Persian king. Albrecht had already made a woodcut of that subject but now he also painted it. For a couple of more years he continued to paint requests for people. Albrecht started a series of wood cuts of The Life of the Virgin. These were a series of legendary stories about the virgin. Albrecht made his wood cuts and figures move easily in the third dimension Albrechts Life of the Virgin series agreed with his growing concern for geometric form. In his figures and wood cuts you can see the perfect work done with a ruler and compass. You can also see his admiration with the Platonic notion of the human figure. Platonic notion is the human body drawn with mathematical formulas. In his painting The Fall of Man Albrecht went through a hard time trying to achieve a geometrical figure of two beings known as man and woman. After many years of practicing geometrical figures Albrecht learned how to paint several strands of hair with just one stroke. Giovanni Bellini, one of Albrechts admirer asked him to make a present of one of his brushes he draws the strands of hair with. Bellini was surprised when he saw the brush. Bellini said that the brissels must be separated or divided to draw several strands of hair at once. Albrecht said that he drew it with a form of symmetry. In 1505, Nurembourg was hit with another plague sending bodies down the street in carts. In that late summer Albrecht left again to go to Venice. Albrecht left his wife behind and his assistants to take care of his shop. This time he did not have enough money to go so he had to borrow from Pirckheimer to make the journey. He traveled in luxury, this time he went with horses and a quantity of baggage that included his portraits he planned to sell. Albrecht sold most of his paintings to Italy. In Venice, Albrecht bought a Italian coat with the money he got from the paintings. He also took some dance lessons at a local school with a fine man he met. Albrecht met many new friends everywhere he went. Albrechts only disappointment of the trip was when he found some gray hairs on his head. Albrecht wrote to Pirckheimer saying to take care of his family and to lend money to his mom if she needed it. He also included to inform him to not make love to his wife. READ: The Buck Stops (and Starts) at Business Schools EssayAlbrecht also told Perckheimer that he is not supposed to take drinks or eat from any of the Venetian painters because they all try to copy his work and they are my enemies. In 1509, Albrecht returned home and was elected as a member of Nurembourgs Grand Council. This was a group of 200 men of wealth who sometimes added to their number fellow citizens who had distinguished themselves in other ways. Albrechts new position did not interfere with his artistic production. Back in his workshop he continued to work on the Fall of Man engraving. This engraving was the picture of Adam and Eve standing with the animals. Albrecht changed his method from geometrical construction to the first pair of human beings. The year 1511 was very extraordinary for Albrecht. In that one year he published all of his greatest woodcut series like The Apocalypse, The Large Passion, and The Life of a Virgin. In 1513, Albrecht was mainly concentrating on engraving. He made a charcoal engraved self-portrait of his mother with a personal, tender message. Albrecht was also busy making a huge woodcut Triumphal Procession and Triumphal Arch. In July 1520, Albrecht and his wife took a trip to the Netherlands to see emperor, Charles V. He also had to find new markets for his work. Albrecht did not have good success in the Netherlands but he did meet fellow artists. Albrecht left within a year and produced a number of portrait engravings in Nurembourg. On April 6, 1528, the 57 year old died. At his death his theoretical treaties were not fully completed. Some of them were already published. According to Albrecht, capturing the beauty of the human body is the most meaningful aim of art. But this cannot be realized without knowledge of proportion and anatomy, and only through geometry can be true beauty be known.

The influence of media of Europe and United States America on Middle Essay

The influence of media of Europe and United States America on Middle East and compare the usage - Essay Example Middle East media, particularly in areas of satellite televisions, which eventually raises pertinent questions in regards to the nature and influence of this information explosion. According to Pollack (2011 p.45), tensions between United State and the European Union have been occurring repeatedly since the 2003 Iraq war. It eventually ended up affecting the many areas of the Middle East policy as a result of media coverage. However, none of these states has been able to encapsulate on these tensions as compared to the quest of achieving advanced democracy in the region. The aim of writing this paper is to examine the role of contemporary media coverage, especially television, from both the European and United States America sources on Middle East while also comparing the usage. According to Wehrey (2010), the Middle East region remains to be one of the most cultural and the political intricate regions through the entire world. The Middle East region operates with three religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, whereby all of them trace their origins to the Middle East. Through the presence of rich and diversified cultural history, the Middle East region of today is struggling to find a balance between the â€Å"western† culture and modernization. Most of the influence comes from United States media and the other from European media, with the traditional and religious values of the Middle East region. In some part, due to the struggle and the existent region’s diversity, the media is occupying a special place in the Middle Easter society and its related politics. Bennett & Paletz (1994) also present their views that the media influences all works of life and exercise a profound and an incalculable influence. Coverage on some significant issues such as the Palestinian-Israeli conflict is an area that occupies the center stage of the media, with the dissatisfaction fed by the media retaining the capacity of spilling out into the street. It is apparent that

Apply to University Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Apply to University - Personal Statement Example I have the zeal to know how computers operate and how I can use them to positively influence the world in my own way. English is my second language and I have had some difficulties learning it since I did not have enough learning materials in my native place. I figured out that if I become a computer expert I can make these materials available to kids who crave for knowledge and, consequently, help in dissemination of knowledge. I have studied Information Technology in my bachelors. The IT course equipped me with basic knowledge and skills in computer programming, web designing in form of HTML, information searching and retrieval and subject indexing and thesaurus construction. These skills and knowledge should give me a head start in computer science. I do not have any previous work experience as I have just completed my bachelor’s degree in IT. However, during my bachelors I undertook a work placement programme at a nearby high school for two months. My duties were akin to those of a system administrator where I helped the school’s system administrator configure computers and check for security breaches. I also helped students who did not know how to use computers to use them effectively. As a result, I grew my computing and management skills which should prove helpful for this course in the long run. I have a host of interests and hobbies. However, the ones I love most are to play and watch football, to play chess and to participate in enlightening debates. I believe football is a competitive and passionate sport. This should make me a competitive and passionate person in all my undertakings. Debating helps me grow my English language and vocabulary and equips me with the skills of thinking at my feet and adequately relaying information. Lastly, chess equips one with planning, thinking and overall strategizing skills. All these skills will be

Small Scale Industries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Small Scale Industries - Essay Example As an example consider the case of Jordan. The strength of SSI in Jordan was 84% of the total established industries during the period of 1990-1998 which escalated to almost 90% of the total industries during the period of1999-2006 (Hachure cited in Lozi, 2008).Contrary to this , the Mexican experience shows that only 70.000 projects go to the second year from 200,000 started annually. (Bencivenga, V. Bruce, S. and Starr, R. 1995). Different countries have different ceiling of labor size for an industry to be labeled as small scale. For e. g. 15 workers in Iraq and Ghana, while Egypt, Belgium and Denmark have raised the ceiling for labor not exceeding 50 workers. In contrast , countries such as France and Italy adopted the criterion of 500 workers to distinguish between small-scale and other industries But in Japan and in the United States the total number of workers working in small scale industries was set at 300 in Japan and 1000 workers in the United States(Subramanian 1995). The globally important sector has not been free from dilemma and troubles in the post-reforms period; whether it is lack of infrastructure, technology or is of credit crunch. The present research is an attempt to analyze national policy decisions and industry initiatives affecting the sector, particularly in the developing nations where these industry have considerable economic importance.. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Pre-liberalization factors affecting SSI In the developing countries, Small scale Industries (SSI) have been pioneer in generating employment. These have greater advantage compared to the large enterprises in manufacturing especially in items that involve a larger share of value added from labor. The SSIs employ not only skilled but semiskilled and even unskilled labor. Manufacturing sector has better prospects in the trade particularly if the product is competitive, durable and upto the standards (Morris and Basant, 2006)). The SSIs were contributing to GDP considerably prior to liberalization also (Table -1) (World Bank, 1986). Morris and Basant (2006) have critically analyzed some of the areas that have affected growth of SSI in India. These are: The researchers have found policies based on reservations, duty concessions, directed credit, and government regulation, controls, and extension and such short sighted policies began initially for SSI; the macro- economy favoring policies such as monetary, fiscal, infrastructure and development oriented remained inadequately addressed. The non-affordability of infrastructure by SSIs is a deterrent to their expansion and survival in this liberalization period. SSIs have capacity to grow upward provided given impetus Table -1. The Japanese experiment has shown the way as to how the traditional industries, producing a wide variety of consumer products, could evolve into small and medium enterprises (SMEs) when these are able to renew technology and do not have financial crunch. India, of all the developing nations, was at greatest advantage to cash on falling tariffs under General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in textile and many light engineering, handicraft and other manufacturing units.

Proposed preliminary research design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Proposed preliminary research design - Essay Example Therefore, defining the scope of romance that will be studied is the first task of the study. In creating a study that examines romance and the way in which it is constructed within social relationships that have a sexual component, creating a methodology that allows for subjective considerations will be necessary in order to develop research. In creating a study that is called The Anatomy of Romance, a built in metaphor will guide the way in which the study is constructed. In creating the concept, providing a bone structure, an internal ‘metabolism’, a pumping heart, the brain, the sex organs, and eventually the flesh that creates a living, breathing organism that is the romantic life of a couple will provide a basis for a framework and a foundation on which to build the study in context. According to Shank (2006), framing a topic within a metaphor allows for the research to present a new way of looking at the topic (p. 124). By starting with this foundation, the study can use a multitude of references in order to build a well structured One approach toward this study might be to see the work through ethnography. However, in order to do that, broad strokes of intention about the context of romance within the culture would then diminish the actual perceptions of romance. Romance seems to be an individual creation that is birthed between two people. Although there are generalities that infiltrate a culture, such as the American traditions of flowers, candy, and jewelry, romance is far more interesting beneath the surface of ethnographic generalizations - which admittedly would be far deeper than the example - but would attempt to represent a culture, rather than the concept itself as an entity of a relationship. Defining romance by its cultural adaptations rather than by the singularity in which it exists between two people is too broad a scope in which to examine

Writer's topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Writer's topic - Essay Example The explorers who were initially driven by mere curiosity later began to develop interest on products, resources as well as resources available in Africa which they took back home to their financiers. Henry Stanley Morton was the most notable explorer who contributed a lot to the beginning of the scramble for Africa. He was personally hired by King Leopold II of Belgium who wanted to create his own colony along River Congo. The explorers established that slave trade was still going inland part of Africa and therefore several European nations that were advocating for abolition of slave trade had to move in to Africa to ensure total end to slave trade thus triggering the scramble for Africa. Capitalism in Europe further encouraged the scramble as nations sought to locate raw materials for their industries while major inventions in transport, military and medicine facilitated the events (Ghazvinian, 012-019). The European nations were able to subject Africans societies to formal colonia l rules because they developed strategies that were able to work effectively for them. Such include signing of treaties with the African chiefs which allowed for indirect rule, use of force in some places since they had superior weapons and the fact that some of them decided to settle permanently in Africa. They enticed African leaders with gifts in exchange for their territories and promises of assistance in tackling their enemies which paved way for their dominance and formal rule (Nutting, 30). Colonial rule played a key role in shaping the face of modern day African countries in various ways ranging from political, economic and social aspects which are either positive or negative. Colonial rule introduced capitalism in Africa which has caused a great imbalance in the allocation of resources resulting in power struggles between the few rich and the majority poor. This has resulted in

Creation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Creation - Research Paper Example Conversely, the Buddhist worldview places little emphasis on the creation story and/or the understanding of such a concept as God; choosing instead to focus upon the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path as a means of personal enlightenment. However, it was ultimately stated by the Buddha that the world came into existence over the course of millions and millions of years in which life quite literally evolved within it. Rather than being spoken into existence within the space of a moment in time, the creation story of Buddhism is a seamless and continual loop of life death and rebirth that culminates in the world as we see it today (Schell 2). In such a way, there is not a definitive beginning or end to the earth and the life that it has. Conversely, the Christian approach has a definitive beginning and end. For this reason, the necessity of the faith to have a final rescuer, a redeemer, and a second coming is understood. Benstead, George. "Christian Creation Story." Innovations Learning - Welcome to Innovations Learning. N.p., 11  Apr.  2011. Web. 24  Feb.  2013.

Australia Fast Food Industry Analysis (Hungry Jack) Essay

Australia Fast Food Industry Analysis (Hungry Jack) - Essay Example IBIS has reported that the fast food industry of Australia will grow at a rate of 3.7% per annum for next few years while there is a possibility dwindling spending capacity of consumers caused by economic recession might decrease the projected growth rate (IBIS World, 2012). Low entry of barrier is an important characteristic of Australian fast food industry. IBIS (2012) has reported that new entrants need to invest capital in the range of $90,000 up to $300,000 to set up fast food outlet in Australia. The analysis will try to determine the dynamics of the industry in terms of external environment, industry forces, competitor analysis and critical success factors. Major aim of the study is to analyze the Australian fast-food industry in terms of both internal and external environment. Major findings of the study can be explained in the following manner. Entry barrier for fast food industry in Australia is low. Companies need to launch low calorie fast foods to keep pace with changing consumer preference. Major recommendation for companies planning to enter fast food business in Australia are 1- use market development strategy in order to increase penetration and 2- use focus strategy to decrease risk factors. First section of the study will discuss brief introduction of fast foods industry in Australia, second portion of the study will analyze the fast-food industry in Australia in terms of PESTLE analysis, porter five force analyses & contingency theory and critical success factors. Third section of the study will provide suitable recommendation to companies planning to enter in fast food business in Australia. B. Industry Analysis A snapshot of the fast food industry of Australian can be used in order to understand the underlying opportunities in the business environment of the country. Market Value Market Value Forecast Market Volume Market Volume Forecast Category Segmentation Market Competition Total market value of fast food industry in the country is mor e than $5,000 million. The market value will increase at growth rate of 2.5% and it will touch the mark $6,000 million within 2016. Total transaction recorded for the industry is recorded as $1,160.1 million for the year 2012. Market volume will decrease at a rate of 3% and it will touch the mark $1,130.1 million transactions within 2016. Restaurant business contributes 66% of total market value of the industry. 45% of market share is dominated by four big players such as Domino's Pizza, McDonald's, Hungry Jacks and Yum! Brands. (Source: Market Line, 2011) Market volume of Australian fast food industry has decreased by significant level in last two years. Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the industry has decreased by 4.2% in last five years. PESTLE Analysis Henry (2008) has stated that PESTLE analysis is an important tool to analyse the macro environment of any country. Political Australian government has implemented carbon tax on companies operating in the country. High carbon tax rate imposed by government can increase the operating cost of fast food companies. Australian government also increased restriction on advertising for children hence fast-food companies need to be careful while designing advertisement for

Listening awareness between a Man and Woman Essay Example for Free

Listening awareness between a Man and Woman Essay It’s a learning experience to discuss communication variances between men and woman, but society must also forget, even for a brief moment that, â€Å"Men are from Mars, Woman are from Venus†. Everyone shouldn’t ponder how a woman or men would act, without knowing the self-esteem factors of listening can do. Don’t we ponder why woman are so easily give up in asking for directions, while men tend to not give up easily and try find there way out of an unknown town. Currently, society is just the beginning to understand the true differences between men and women. Besides the obvious physiological differentiations, there are also differences in the way men and women think, speak, behave and sharing listening factor variances that will help guide the way women and men can help communicate without it having any effect on one’s self-esteem. Non-verbal communication, because actions may sometimes speak louder than words â€Å" Women are more spontaneously emotionally expressive yet also have less ability in controlling their emotions, while men are more direct minded and straight to the point† (Jeff Thompson, Psychology Today Article). Body language is becoming for as a significance tool to identify any mixed signals, warning signs or welcoming behaviors between a man a woman, and this can lead to a low or high self-stem as well. Such as, people are enjoying more quiet moments, and just using welcoming body language or positive non-verbal communication, and simply the other person would listen by responding back with a sincere smile, hug, etc. Another aspect of non-verbal communication, it can send of the varied vibes of male dominance, men tend to have a more closed approach, while woman will show more affiliate body movement and response to a non-verbal reaction. Listening with reactions, and no verbal can leave men and woman having a dissimilar outlook, such as when woman touch there self’s too much, it may be identified as flirting, while the woman is seeing the man as squeamish or impatient. To say you are listening would be reinforced by eye contact and position of the body, facial expressions is a huge key factor for listening nonverbal communication. Therefore, nonverbal communication is important to resolving conflict, enjoying each others company, meaningful conversation and increasing trust between a man and woman. Another listening skills that will help improve men and woman self-esteem is active listening. Active listening will help improve empathy, build trust, and teach a person listen as much as he or she would speak during conversations. â€Å" Unfortunately, most people focus more on the speaking than they do on the listening† (Susan Cross, Psychology Today Article). If a women or man were to sit back an listen to what is happening, they would learn more and be able to think of a greater and responsive answer in a conversation that is happening. The problem that most people have is becoming a poor listener, because they are not actively listening or fully engulfing what is happening around they, and will is not only be perceived as rude but that they miss out on important knowledge of any given conversation, speech, for both sexes. Active listening is becoming extinct; because of modern day technology of social media is becoming more and more of a distraction. Using active listening, it will help a person understand any speaker, because the more that is being heard, the more the person and respond and reflect how the other person will be feeling. Active listening involves sensing, processing, and responding in empathic ways. Sensing, the man or woman would be able to take all that he or she is hearing and dissect a great response. Processing, is putting the pieces of the puzzle together, and responding after the active listening is to show a non-verbal response, giving a clue to the speaker that active listening is happening. In other word’s, men and woman alike should defiantly wait before they speak, a moment too soon may seem rude, not responding will leave a bitter reaction to the other person, so listen wisely with open ears and mind. A countless tool for men and women to comprehend, and learning what may affect the outcome of any given outcome, is reflective listening. For example, with active listening being used through text messages, emails, social media than a modern day phone call, reflective listening is becoming more critical to one’s communication. Various of incidents of miscommunication happens, because one person may not quietly understand a person’s reaction, were as reflective listening must be used to either help clarify what he or she is saying, or further create another question to have a more clarifying and direct response. â€Å"Empathy is surprisingly difficult to achieve. We all have a strong tendency to advise, tell, agree, or disagree from our own point of view.† ( Dalmar Fisher, Communications in Organization Article). Roughly, people want acceptance, and men tend not to reflect or show a response when accepting and agreement, and men also won’t show any acceptance when it’s disagreement. Woman will easily overuse emotions, rather it be acceptance of positive or negative news. Both sides should lean towards personal and reflective stories, than what is impersonal, distant or may push the opposing person away. If a woman or man can’t fully understand what the speaker is saying, just reiterate and clarify what just happened, verses driving the speaker with questions and turning the speaker into the listener. Reflecting listening, both sides will be able to show acceptance and empathy, not with indifference, cold objectivity, or fake actions that can lower the speaker’s or person dignity. Possibly the most significant, the reflective listener will try and respond to feelings, and not just to content, but with feelings. The speaker, rather is be a man or woman is often not looking for the solution of the surface problem, but rather for a way to deal with the emotional ramifications, and when it come’s to knowing how to communicate with a man or woman’s self-esteem, were all human beings. The outcome of non-verbal communication, active listening and reflective listening with men and woman will cause relationships to develop and learn to accept empathy, increase trust with one another. Having both sides listening, it is encouraging for both sides to discover and solve problems easier; people automatically believe they are naturally born listeners. Both men and woman, ten to listen for what we want to listen, than really listen to what the speaker is saying. Great relationships, rather is be friendship, spouses, workplace are only happening with knowing what good listening skills can be brought to all ends of the table. Communications is a key factor when it comes to listening between a man a woman, if it doesn’t happen or it’s built up between both sides, it would eventually fall apart and unable to rebuild. For both sides to appreciate what is current, and with woman that tend to hold on to past, just learn from it, rather than holding on to a distant memory. Furthermore, listening does build’s lifelong foundation between people, the foundation just needs to be up kept, and for both sides to speak up, but not forgetting to listen.

Health and safety management

Health and safety management 1) Introduction: The main objective of Health and Safety Management at work place is to fulfil Legal responsibility, Moral responsibility and Economical responsibility which are reasonably practicable for the company and its employees. Every Construction company has to follow the legal responsibilities to ensure the health and safety of the employees and other people involved in the business. The right approach is not only about taking the minimum measures required to fulfil the legal requirements. If appropriate measures are been taken it can even be beneficiary to the company. Improper practise of health and safety may lead to illness, accidents and loss of time which will cause substantial costs to the company. Such type of unplanned activities doesnt just harm the working environment it will even adversely affect the profit. Good health and safety practices will also help in improving the companys reputation with the clients and with its own employees. This enhances the companys reputation in the market as well. The responsibility of following good health and safety standards doesnt only implies for the employer it is also the duty of the employees to follow the standards set by the company, If the company fails to set good standards of health and safety as per legislation then the company can be prosecuted under Health and Safety act 1974, Construction Design Management (CDM) Regulation etc. Thus every construction company and employee has to have proactive approach towards following good Health and Safety practises. 2) Case Study: This report focuses on the Health and Safety practices followed by BAA during Construction of London Heathrow Terminal 5B Project. In order to achieve safe construction and to complete the project in time and budget, the BAA management team recognised that it has to have a very efficient system in place to manage Health and Safety and to set high industrial standards. The second building (i.e.T5B) of Heathrow T5 is constructed by 5B project team; the team became the first team to achieve one million safe working hours without reporting a single accident. Here are some of the Health and Safety initiatives taken by the team. A fulltime Safety leader was appointed; High standards of Workforce consultation and engagement in Health and Safety; Daily activity briefing; Circulation of safety alerts; Incident and Injury free campaign. If the company had failed to take the above mentioned initiatives there would have been a possibility were the company could have been prosecuted under the following legislation: HSWA 1974 -Section 2(1) (Employer must protect the HSW at work of all their employees) HSWA 1974 -Section 2(2) c (Provide information, supervision training to ensure the HS of employees) HSWA 1974 -Section 2(4), (6) (7) (Consult union safety reps establish safety committee when requested by 2 reps Section 9 Do not levy charge for anything provided in pursuance of the statutory provision) Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 Regulation 7 Appointment of competent persons Regulation 9 Information for employees As the site manager in charge for maintaining Health and Safety I would like to suggest few more initiatives which may be useful in enhancing the Health and Safety Standards of the site. Provision of welfare facilities at fixed construction site. Dust control in site during construction. On-site Health Screening. 1) Provision of welfare facilities at fixed construction site: Workers working in a construction site need adequate washing facilities and toilets, they need a dedicated place where they can relax and eat their food and a place to store the cloths. Most often these basic requirements are neglected. Good facilities will help in creating a good working atmosphere and will have a positive benefit on Health and well being of the employees and will help prevent Dermatitis. This can be easily achieved by: Addressing the welfare arrangements clearly in Health and Safety plan; Considering welfare facilities, allocating a designated location onsite, maintenance facilities during the planning and preparation stage of the project; The facilities provided should be suitable for the size of the site and nature of the work carried out in site (e.g. pouring concrete route cause for dermatitis will need more no of washing facilities, it may even require showers etc); The toilets and washing facilities should be properly connected with the drainage facilities so that cleanliness and hygiene can be maintained; The resting facilities should provide shelter from wind, rain and should have proper heating facilities. It should even include facilities such as tables, chairs and a means for warming up food etc. Barriers for adopting the above mentioned initiative in site are: Lack of importance given to welfare facilities during planning stage; Financial constrains; Possibility of negative opinion by management; More the number of workers involved difficult in providing adequate welfare facilities; Maintenances problem. Legislation covering the above mentioned initiative HSWA 1974 Section 2(1) (Employer must protect the HSW at work of all their employees) HSWA 1974 Section 2(2)e (Provide adequate welfare facilities and arrangements) The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 Health, Safety and Welfare Regulations 1996 CDM Regulations 1994 2) Dust control in site during construction: Dust generated during different construction activity is one of the major issues causing serious breathing problems to the workers. Some of the construction activities generating dust are concrete slab cutting or shaping, stones kerbing etc. Concrete cutting Saws are generally used to perform these functions. During this action large amount of respirable dust is generated which usually contains crystalline silica contents, working in such place may lead to respiratory problems due to scarring of lung tissues. This problem can be minimized by using dust control systems on concrete cutting saws. Some of the modern dust control methods are as follows: In this method water is sprayed on to the rotating cutting disk of the saw which in turn reduces dust emission. This type of system can be used on saws powered by compressed air. Local Exhaust ventilation: In this method saw guards are used which act as high velocity hood which is in turn connected with industrial vacuum cleaner which serves as an exhaust to the dust. Barriers which may hamper the adoption of the initiative are: Skill in selecting the suitable method; Cost involved in replacing the old equipment; Employee training. Key legislation related to the above mentioned initiative is as follow HSWA 1974 Section 2(2)a (Provide maintain plant systems of work that are safe without risk to health) HSWA 1974 Section 2(2)c (Provide information, supervision training to ensure the HS of employees) Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (Regulation 14 Employees responsibilities to use tools and equipment etc safely) Provision and use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (Regulation 4 Equipment to be suitable) 3) On-site Health Screening: The objective of the proposal to introduce on-site health screening is to promote a healthy lifestyle amongst construction workers. These also helps in gathering the data about the health conditions of the workers which helps the management to take the decisions about the health and safety practises to be followed. These can be achieved by doing the following on-site tests Blood test; General check up; Skin tests; Ear testing; Eye tests etc. Barriers for adopting these initiatives are Cost involved for medical tests; Management opinion; Workers co-operation; Reliability on the medical data obtained; Creating facilities for medical tests on site. Key legislation related to the above mentioned initiative is as follows: HSWA- Section 2(1) (Employer must protect the HSW at work of all their employees) HSWA Section 2(2)e (Provide adequate welfare facilities and arrangements) HSWA Section 7(a) (Exercise reasonable care for the HS of themselves and others who their actions may affect) HSWA Section 7(b) ( Co-operate with the employer) HSWA Section 8 (Not to interfere with anything provided in the interests of HSW) Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 Regulation 6: Health surveillance (where appropriate) Regulation 13: Employers to take into account employees capabilities 3) Conclusion: BAA has achieved the best in securing safe working environment to the employees but money makes men guilty, as the progress with the project people forget unknowingly their health and its value, so initiatives given should be taken into consideration to protect employees and to have a safe and healthy working environment forever. 4) Bibliography Information about health and safety at work etc 1974, Available at: http://www.hse.gov.uk/legislation/hswa.pdf Information about case study, Available at: http://www.hse.gov.uk/construction/engagement/casestudies.htm Information about management of health and safety at work 1999, Available at: http://www.opsi.gov.uk/SI/si1999/19993242.htm Information about onsite health screening, Available at; http://www.enwhp.org/fileadmin/downloads/models/SME-Project/Ireland/Work%20and%20Health%20in%20the%20Irish%20Construction%20Sector.pdf Information about dust control methods, Available at; http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/cis54.pdf Information about the work place regulation 1992, Available at; http://www.opsi.gov.uk/SI/si1992/UKsi_19923004_en_1.htm Information about welfare facilities at fixed construction site, Available at; http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/cis18.pdf Information about Construction Design Management, Available at; http://www.hse.gov.uk/construction/cdm.htm